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Federal agents have been called in by President Trump amid ongoing demonstrations
Oregon Governor Kate Brown has accused US federal agents in unmarked cars who apparently detained protesters in Portland of a "blatant abuse of power".
Federal officers, deployed by President Donald Trump, have also fired tear gas and less-lethal munitions into crowds of demonstrators.
Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf called the protesters a "violent mob".
Activists have been protesting against police brutality since George Floyd's killing in police custody on 25 May.
On Friday evening local time, Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum said that the state justice department was filing a lawsuit against the federal government over the detention of protesters "without probable cause".
"These tactics must stop," Ms Rosenblum said in a statement. "They not only make it impossible for people to assert their First Amendment rights to protest peacefully, they also create a more volatile situation on our streets."
What happened?
A report from Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB) contained detailed accounts of witnesses who had seen federal law enforcement officers dressed in camouflage emerge from unmarked vehicles, grab protesters without explanation, and drive off.
The last week has seen a violent escalation between protesters and federal agents, deployed two weeks ago by Mr Trump to quell civil unrest.
Since at least 14 July, OPB reports, federal agents have been jumping out of unmarked vehicles throughout the city, and grabbing protesters seemingly without cause.
Video checked by the broadcaster shows a protester, Mark Pettibone, describe how on 15 July he was "basically tossed" into a van containing armed people in body armour.
Mr Pettibone said he was taken to a holding cell in a federal courthouse, where he was read his arrest rights. After he declined to answer questions, he was released without any citation or arrest record.
According to OPB, federal officers have charged at least 13 people with crimes related to the protests so far.
Some have been detained around the federal courthouse that the agents were sent to protect, but others were seized streets away from federal property, reports the Associated Press.
What has the Trump administration said?
Arriving in the city on Thursday to meet federal law enforcement, the acting secretary of homeland security defended the agents against the assembled "anarchists".
In a nearly 1,700-word statement, Mr Wolf blamed state and city authorities for failing to "restore order". He said their response had "emboldened the violent mob as it escalates violence day after day".
"The city of Portland has been under siege for 47 straight days," he wrote.
"Each night the violent anarchists destroy and desecrate property, including the federal courthouse, and attack the brave law enforcement officers protecting it."
Mr Wolf's comments echo those of Mr Trump. This week, the president applauded the efforts of federal agents in Portland, saying officers had done a "great job".
"Portland was totally out of control, and they went in, and I guess we have many people right now in jail," he said at a press conference on Monday. "We very much quelled it, and if it starts again, we'll quell it again very easily."
What's the reaction?
Oregon's Democratic governor accused the president of using heavy-handed tactics to score political points.
Arresting people without probable cause, Ms Brown's spokesman, Charles Boyle, said on Friday, was "extraordinarily concerning and a violation of their civil liberties and constitutional rights".
Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler and other local officials have said they did not request assistance from federal agents and have asked them to leave.
"Keep your troops in your own buildings, or have them leave our city," Mr Wheeler said on Friday.
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) also condemned the reported actions of the agents.
"Usually when we see people in unmarked cars forcibly grab someone off the street, we call it kidnapping," the organisation wrote on Twitter. "These actions are flat-out unconstitutional and will not go unanswered."
Meanwhile, the most powerful elected Democrat, US House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, accused the Republican president of deploying "stormtroopers".
Who are the federal agents?
US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a law enforcement agency within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), confirmed it was responsible for at least one of the detentions.
The agency told the Daily Caller it had reason to believe the individual had assaulted officers at the protests and vandalised federal property, so its officers "quickly moved the suspect to a safer location for further questioning".
"Violent anarchists have organized events in Portland over the last several weeks with willful intent to damage and destroy federal property, as well as injure federal officers and agents," a CBP spokesman told US media. "These criminal actions will not be tolerated."
The Nation magazine reports that the CPB cited its authority under the Protecting American Communities Task Force (Pact).
Pact was set up last month by DHS in response to Mr Trump's executive order on protecting American memorials, which called for heavy penalties on anyone who damages a monument.
